\ud83d\udccc\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Criminal Investigation) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Legally Loaded Statements) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Implicit Confession) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Strong Circumstantial Evidence).
\n\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:
\n\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u201d
\n\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u201d
\n\u201c\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Forensic Linguistics) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Forensics) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Behavioral Analysis). \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 (Authenticity Verification) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Metadata) \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 (Chain of Custody) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Mens Rea) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u201d \u0648\u201c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 (Contextual Analysis) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 (Confession) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Admission).
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Collective Agency) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Conspiracy). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (Editing\/Splicing)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a (Voice Comparison) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Correlation with Facts) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Forensic Linguistic Analysis)
\n1. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u201d
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646:
\n\u2022 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (Attribution of Agency) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645
\n\u2022 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 (Pre-existing Intent)
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (Institutional Planning)
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:
\n*\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Criminal Conspiracy)
\n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631*:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (Agreement)
\n\u2022 \u0647\u062f\u0641 (Objective)
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Means)
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0645\u0651\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Criminal Conspiracy) \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Linguistic Indicator) \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644
\n2. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u201c\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u201d
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\n\u2022 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Collective Actor)
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f (Deliberate Placement)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627:
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0646\u062d\u0646\u201d\u061f (Identification of Co-Conspirators)
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Joint Criminal Liability)
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Criminal Network Mapping)
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u201d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0646\u062d\u0646\u201d \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Co-Conspirators)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Joint Criminal Liability). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u201d \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Criminal Network Mapping)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627
\n3. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201c\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642\u201d \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 (Excessive Force)
\n\u2022 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 (Intent to Cause Severe Harm)
\n\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a:
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (Direct Criminal Intent \/ Mens Rea)
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 (Incitement to Violence)
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Complicity in Crimes Against Humanity) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639
\n3. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u201c\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642\u201d \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 (Excessive Force)
\n\u2022 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 (Intent to Cause Severe Harm)
\n\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a:
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (Direct Criminal Intent \/ Mens Rea)
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 (Incitement to Violence)
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Complicity in Crimes Against Humanity) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639
\n\ud83d\udccc\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f (Is This a Confession?)*
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 (Confession) \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628:
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627
\n\u2022 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649:
\n\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Admission Against Interest)
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Knowledge)
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (Participation)
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Confession) \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Admission Against Interest)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Knowledge) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (Participation)\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645.
\n\ud83d\udccc\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 (Lines of Inquiry)
\n\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 (Functional Justice System)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:
\n1. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0646\u062d\u0646\u201d\u061f
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Perpetrators Identification)
\n\u2022 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u061f
\n2. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u201d\u061f
\n\u2022 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631:
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f
\n3. \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061f
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Chain of Command)
\n4. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642\u201d\u061f
\n\u2022 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0640:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 (Facts)
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Physical Evidence)
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Deconstruction of the Offense). \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u201d \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Chain of Command) \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (Statement\u2013Fact Correlation). \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f.
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 (Possible Legal Qualification)
\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u2014 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u2014 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a:
\n* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Conspiracy)
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 (Incitement)
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 (Aiding and Abetting)
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Crimes Against Humanity)
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Conspiracy) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 (Incitement) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 (Aiding and Abetting) \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Crimes Against Humanity)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.
\n\ud83d\udccc\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 (Self and Collective Incrimination)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647:
\n\u2022 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646:
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (Decision Structure)
\n\u2022 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Collective Actor)
\n\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646:
\n\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649:
\n\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 (Potential Indictment Material)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (Decision Structure) \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Collective Actor)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 (Potential Indictment Material)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 (Judicial Silence as Complicity)
\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645:
\n\u2022 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a:
\n\u2022 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a (Case Filing)
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 (Interrogation)
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064d (Investigation)
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 (Impunity)
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649:
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (Institutional Complicity)
\n*\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Complicity by Omission). \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 (Impunity)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Institutional Complicity) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\ud83d\udccc\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 (Revealing Slip)\u201d. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646:
\n* \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c
\n\u2022 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Intent)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648: \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u2026 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061f
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 (Impunity) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (Institutional Complicity)<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u270d\ufe0f\u2026.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ud83d\udccc\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Criminal Investigation) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Legally Loaded Statements) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a (Implicit Confession) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Strong Circumstantial Evidence). \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24162,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24161"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24163,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24161\/revisions\/24163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ainelhagega.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}